Overview

Cartilage injuries in the shoulder are significant injuries that can impact joint function and mobility. The shoulder joint contains two main types of cartilage: hyaline cartilage, which covers the ends of the bones in the joint, and labral cartilage, which forms the glenoid labrum—a fibrocartilaginous structure that deepens the socket of the shoulder joint. Understanding the types, causes, symptoms, and treatment options for cartilage injuries in the shoulder is essential for effective management.

Types of Cartilage Injuries in the Shoulder

1. Glenoid Labral Tears

The glenoid labrum can become torn due to trauma or repetitive overhead activities, such as throwing.

Types of Labral Tears:

• SLAP Tears (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior): Occur at the top of the labrum and can affect the biceps tendon.
• Bankart Lesions: Occur when the labrum is torn from the glenoid, often due to shoulder dislocation.

2. Articular Cartilage Injuries

Damage to the hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of the bones in the shoulder joint, often resulting from trauma, osteoarthritis, or repetitive stress. Common symptoms include pain during movement, swelling, and joint stiffness.

Causes of Cartilage Injuries

• Trauma: Falls, direct impacts, or sports-related injuries
• Repetitive Overuse: Activities involving repetitive overhead motions
• Age: Natural degeneration of cartilage over time
• Instability: Abnormal joint movement leading to damage

Common Symptoms

• Localized shoulder pain that may worsen with activity
• Visible swelling around the joint
• Reduced range of motion, especially in overhead activities
• Catching or locking sensation during movement
• Weakness affecting daily activities and sports performance

Diagnosis Methods

• Physical Examination: Assessment of pain, range of motion, and function
• MRI: Detailed imaging of cartilage and soft tissues
• X-rays: Assessment of fractures and degenerative changes

Treatment Options

Conservative Management

• Rest and activity modification
• Physical therapy exercises
• Ice therapy and anti-inflammatory medications

Injectable Treatments

• Corticosteroid injections for inflammation
• Hyaluronic acid for joint lubrication

Surgical Interventions

• Arthroscopic procedures
• Open surgery for complex cases
• Cartilage restoration techniques