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Home Glenohumeral Arthritis

Overview

Glenohumeral arthritis, also known as shoulder arthritis, refers to the inflammation and degeneration of the glenohumeral joint, which is the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder. This condition can lead to pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion, impacting daily activities and quality of life. Glenohumeral arthritis can result from various factors, including age, injury, repetitive use, and underlying medical conditions.

Types of Glenohumeral Arthritis

  • Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease): This is the most common type, typically associated with wear and tear over time. It often affects older adults and can develop gradually. Factors such as previous injuries, obesity, and repetitive overhead activities can contribute to its onset.
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis: A systemic autoimmune condition that can cause inflammation in multiple joints, including the shoulder. Rheumatoid arthritis often leads to joint deformity and can significantly impact mobility and function.
  • Post-Traumatic Arthritis: This type occurs following an injury to the shoulder, such as fractures, dislocations, or rotator cuff tears. The damage can accelerate the degenerative process in the joint.
  • Avascular Necrosis: This condition occurs when there is a loss of blood supply to the humeral head, leading to bone death and subsequent arthritis. Avascular necrosis can result from trauma, long-term use of corticosteroids, or certain medical conditions

Symptoms

  • Pain: Often felt in the shoulder area and may radiate down the arm. Pain may worsen with activity and improve with rest.
  • Stiffness: Reduced range of motion, making it difficult to perform overhead activities or reach behind the back
  • Swelling: Inflammation may lead to noticeable swelling around the shoulder joint.
  • Grinding or Popping Sensation: Some individuals may experience crepitus, a grinding sensation during shoulder movement.
  • Weakness: Reduced strength in the shoulder may result from pain and stiffness.

Related Conditions

Diagnosis

Diagnosing glenohumeral arthritis typically involves a comprehensive assessment, including:

  • Medical History: Evaluating the patient's history of symptoms, injuries, and any family history of arthritis.
  • Physical Examination: Assessing range of motion, strength, and signs of inflammation.
  • Imaging Studies: X-rays are commonly used to identify joint space narrowing, bone spurs, and other degenerative changes. MRI may be used for a more detailed view of soft tissue structures.

Treatment

Treatment for glenohumeral arthritis aims to relieve symptoms, improve function, and maintain joint mobility. Options may include:

  • Non-Surgical Treatments:
    • Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation. Corticosteroid injections may also provide temporary relief.
    • Physical Therapy: Tailored exercises can improve range of motion, strengthen surrounding muscles, and enhance overall shoulder function.
    • Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate pain can help manage symptoms.
  • Surgical Treatments:
    • Arthroscopy: Minimally invasive surgery to clean out the joint, remove loose bodies, or repair damage
    • Shoulder Replacement Surgery: In cases of severe arthritis, a partial or total shoulder replacement may be recommended to alleviate pain and restore function.

FAQs on Biceps Tendon Ruptures

What causes glenohumeral arthritis?

The condition can result from various factors, including age-related wear and tear, previous injuries, repetitive use, autoimmune disorders, or poor blood supply to the bone.

How is glenohumeral arthritis treated?

Treatment options range from conservative measures like physical therapy and medications to surgical interventions for severe cases.

Can glenohumeral arthritis be prevented?

While it may not be entirely preventable, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding repetitive overhead activities, and managing existing health conditions can reduce the risk.

What are the long-term effects of glenohumeral arthritis?

If left untreated, glenohumeral arthritis can lead to significant pain, loss of function, and decreased quality of life. Early intervention can help manage symptoms and maintain joint function.

When should I see a doctor for shoulder pain?

Consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent shoulder pain, stiffness, swelling, or difficulty with daily activities, as these may be signs of glenohumeral arthritis or other shoulder conditions.